• Atzompa

  • Atzompa

    Atzompa
    Héctor Montaño Morales / INAH-Dirección de Medios de Comunicación
  • Atzompa

    Atzompa
    Héctor Montaño Morales / INAH-Dirección de Medios de Comunicación
  • Atzompa

    Atzompa
    Héctor Montaño Morales / INAH-Dirección de Medios de Comunicación
  • Atzompa

    Atzompa

    Atzompa
    Héctor Montaño Morales / INAH-Dirección de Medios de Comunicación
  • Atzompa

    Atzompa
    Héctor Montaño Morales / INAH-Dirección de Medios de Comunicación
  • Atzompa

    Atzompa
    Mauricio Marat / INAH-Dirección de Medios de Comunicación

Visit us

Atzompa

Opening hours
Monday to Sunday from 08:00 to 16:00 h - Last access 15:00 h
Adress

Independencia (Road to the Atzompa Archaeological Zone), Municipality of Santa María Atzompa, Oaxaca de Juárez.

Access

From the city of Oaxaca take the road for San Pedro Ixtlahuaca and travel 1 km until you find the signs that lead to the archeological zone.

Services
Accessibility
Parking
Toilets
Guided tours
Important
  • No smoking
  • No entry with food
  • Pets not allowed
Atzompa

Atzompa

Archeological site
Atzompa

The Atzompa Archaeological Site is an important Zapotec center closely linked to Monte Albán. Its monumental architecture, plazas, palaces, ball courts, tombs, and artistic expressions allow us to reconstruct various aspects of the social, political, economic, and religious organization of its inhabitants. The presence of three ball courts and palace complexes demonstrates the settlement’s social and ceremonial importance, while the tombs and murals provide insight into its beliefs and funerary practices.


VISIT US

It is one of the most important archaeological sites in Oaxaca and stands as a remarkable testament to the development of the Zapotec civilization in the Central Valleys. It is located in the municipality of Santa María Atzompa, on El Bonete Hill, approximately four kilometers from Monte Albán. Its geographic location and architectural relationship with Monte Albán suggest that Atzompa was part of a broad urban, political, and ceremonial system developed by the Zapotecs.

The settlement reached its peak of importance between approximately 650 and 850 A.D., during the late phases of Monte Albán. During this period, numerous monumental buildings, plazas, palaces, ceremonial spaces, and ball courts were constructed and modified. The scale of these structures attests to the existence of a hierarchically organized society, with authorities capable of coordinating large numbers of workers and resources.

One of Atzompa’s main features is its monumental architecture. Because the settlement was built on El Bonete Hill, its inhabitants had to modify the terrain using terraces and platforms to create the various urban spaces. This adaptation of the topography made it possible to create plazas and buildings that, in addition to serving practical functions, had an important political and ceremonial dimension. The elevated location also provided a sweeping view of the landscape, particularly toward the Etla Valley.

Among the most important spaces is Plaza A, located at the top of the settlement. This plaza was constructed by artificially leveling the ground and is surrounded by various buildings. In its center stands a small shrine, demonstrating the importance of ritual activities within the organization of the space. The arrangement of the buildings around the plaza reflects complex urban planning and a conception of space linked to religious and political practices.

Another notable feature of Atzompa is the presence of three ball courts. The largest is approximately 45 meters long and 22 meters wide. The existence of several courts within the same settlement is a significant characteristic, as it demonstrates the importance of this activity in Zapotec society. In Mesoamerica, the ballgame was not merely a recreational activity: it could also be linked to religious ceremonies, symbolic representations, power relations, and political events.

The varying dimensions and locations of the ball courts at Atzompa suggest that not all of them necessarily served the same function. Some may have been associated with public and ceremonial activities, while others were linked to residential areas of higher status. In this way, the courts provide insight into both religious practices and the social organization of the settlement.

Atzompa also features important palace complexes, notably the Casa de Oriente and the Casa de los Altares. These complexes consist of numerous rooms arranged around courtyards. Their architectural characteristics indicate that they were associated with high-status social groups. The presence of large residences within an archaeological settlement allows for the study of social differences and the concentration of power among certain segments of the population.

The Casa de los Altares also features elements related to Cocijo, one of the principal deities of the Zapotec tradition, associated with rain and water. The presence of religious representations within these architectural spaces demonstrates the close relationship between religion, daily life, and power. For the Zapotecs, natural forces were of fundamental importance, especially those related to rain and agriculture.

Another site of great significance is the Funerary Building, where several burial chambers were discovered. One of them still preserves traces of mural painting. The tombs and their architectural features provide insight into the funerary practices and religious beliefs of the ancient inhabitants. The construction of elaborate funerary spaces may also reflect differences in status among the individuals buried there.

The mural paintings found in this context are particularly important because they preserve geometric elements and colors such as red. This type of artistic expression constitutes a fundamental source for researching the Zapotecs’ religious beliefs and conceptions regarding death, the supernatural world, and the fate of individuals after life.

The quarries also played an important role. The availability of stone on the hill provided materials for the construction of buildings, platforms, and walls. The extraction and processing of the stone required technical expertise and organized labor. The use of resources available in the surrounding environment demonstrates the inhabitants’ ability to adapt the city’s construction to the natural characteristics of the territory.

The relationship between Atzompa and Monte Albán is one of the key aspects for interpreting the site. Atzompa developed during a period when Monte Albán remained an important political and cultural center of the Central Valleys. Its proximity and architectural features indicate a close relationship between the two settlements. Atzompa can be understood as part of the urban complex associated with Monte Albán and as a space where residential, ceremonial, and possibly administrative activities linked to high-ranking sectors took place.

This relationship also sheds light on the territorial and urban expansion of Monte Albán. The construction of a monumental complex atop El Bonete Hill required a significant investment of labor and resources. As such, Atzompa serves as evidence of the Zapotec society’s ability to transform the landscape and create urban spaces tailored to its political and religious needs.

Archaeological research at Atzompa intensified beginning in 2007, when systematic excavation, restoration, conservation, and material analysis began. This research provided a better understanding of the site’s layout and yielded information about its structures and inhabitants. Subsequently, the archaeological site was opened to the public in 2012, allowing Atzompa to be incorporated into the network of sites showcasing Oaxaca’s archaeological heritage.


 


Plaza A

It is located in the highest part of Atzompa. Its central patio has a square floor plan (it measures more than 50 m per side) and is artificially leveled. The buildings that delimit it (1, 2, 3 and 4) are oriented towards the four cardinal points.

Edificio Funerario (Edificio 6)

Plaza B

Building 6 or Funerary Building stands out, since here a tomb with three funerary chambers was found, one of them with mural painting. This space is closed to the public for conservation reasons.

Área del horno

Plaza C

It is an open plaza that adjoins Plaza B and faces the southern part of the great capital, Monte Albán.

Casa de Oriente

Casa de Oriente

It has a sunken quadrangular patio, surrounded by four platforms with slopes (inclined walls) and boards (vertical walls) of great quality, on which the rooms were placed. The walls of these were made of adobe and cut stone blocks, covered with a layer of thick stucco.

Edificio 16

Edificio 16

It is located to the north of the Casa de Oriente. It has an inverted T-shaped floor plan with stairways on the south side limited by alfardas. In the upper part there are remains of a possible temple.

Juego de Pelota

Juego de Pelota

The pre-Hispanic ball game was one of the most significant elements in the urban structure of Mesoamerican peoples. Directly related to political and religious power, it was played with a rubber ball that was hit with different parts of the body, except the hands.

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The Palatial Units of Atzompa

Jesús Eduardo Medina Villalobos


 


    • Atzompa
      Atzompa
      Imagen: INAH-Dirección de Medios de Comunicación Héctor Montaño Morales
    • Atzompa
      Atzompa
      Imagen: INAH-Dirección de Medios de Comunicación Héctor Montaño Morales
    • Atzompa
      Atzompa
      Imagen: INAH-Dirección de Medios de Comunicación Mauricio Marat
    • Atzompa
      Atzompa
      Imagen: INAH-Dirección de Medios de Comunicación Héctor Montaño Morales
    • Atzompa
      Atzompa
      Imagen: INAH-Dirección de Medios de Comunicación Héctor Montaño Morales
    • Atzompa
      Atzompa
      Imagen: INAH-Dirección de Medios de Comunicación Héctor Montaño Morales
    Contact
    +52 (951) 515 0400
    +52 (951) 515 0002
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    • Responsable
      Ernesto González Licón
      ernesto_gonzalezl@inah.gob.mx
      +52 (951) 516 7077

       

      Difusión Cultural
      Yuridia Inelva Ríos Gómez
      yuridia_rios@inah.gob.mx
      +52 (951) 516 7077

       

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